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Please also see: Fiber: Flax, Fiber: Hemp, Fiber: Lime Bast, Fiber: Icelandic Wool
Phloem (Wiki.com)
Bast Fiber (Wiki.com)
Hemp (Wiki.com)
Research
Ropes [Maritime Technology] (New)
"Judging from the literature and numerous archaeological finds, ropes in the Viking period and the Middle Ages, and also up to recent times, were made of lime bast, flax, hemp, heather, pine, hide and hair etc. Walrus hide was used for the halyard, shroud and stay (rosmalreip, svarðreip). Use was also made of hide rope of seal, deer, elk or ox. Horsehair (simereip) was used for the sail’s bolt rope (liksima), or for sheets, bowline, braces etc. Rope made of cow tail hair, the coarse hair from sheep fleece or pig hair (bustreip) has also been used."
Properties, manufacture and history of lime bast cordage in Northern Europe (New)
by Tor Myking , Anja Hertzberg, Tore Skrøppac
[PDF]
History, manufacture and properties of lime bast cordage in northern Europe (New)
by Tor Myking , Anja Hertzberg, Tore Skrøppac
Rope made from Lime bast (New)
"Made by Ivar Fredriksson of Växiö, Sweden complete with sample of lime bast fibre. This rope, made from inner part of the bark of the Small Leaf Lime tree [Tilia Cordata ], has been used for many thousands of years. A piece of Lime bast cordage was found on the 5000 year old “Ice Man”. yet it was still being used in Northern Europe in the 20th century."
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