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Most large pieces of fabric1000 years ago were woven on a Warp Weighted Loom. A way to weave bands is by Tablet Weaving.
Icelandic warp weighted loom image on Wiki.
More links on my Icelandic Vikings - Miscellany and Icelandic Vikings -Textiles pages.
On a Warp Weighted Loom the width of the weft was made to the dimentions that they needed for the particular clothing pattern they were using. Warp Weighted Looms could be used by one or two people.
From what I understand, from my discussions with weaving friends and limited online research, a single person would usually keep the width of the weft to a comfortable width so that they are not straining their shoulders when they pass the shuttle back and forth between the layers of warp. This creates much narrower fabric widths then we usually buy today in retails stores. Warp Weighted Looms operated by two people could make much wider fabric widths.
So usually the hand woven fabric was narrow and long. You wouldn't cut it up very much, you wove the dimentions you needed. Given the many long hours it takes to process the fibers (wool or linen), spin them into yarn and then set-up the loom, you wouldn't want to cut it much or waste any material.
The other advantage of not making more cuts then needed was that you reduced the amount of seems to sew.
Sewing seems requires:
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the use of more thread (more fiber preparation and spinning)
- the loss of useful fabric surface area for any given piece of clothing or item (lost width due to the amount of fabric folded over from making edge Seems, Flat Felling or French Seems)
- the added hours of hand stitching the additional seems and surface decorations
Weaving Types ***
by I. Marc Carlson
A Selected Weaving Bibliography (6-page, PDF)
b
y Alexis Abarria
The On-Line Digital Archive of Documents on Weaving and Related Topics ***
"contains material on weaving, basketry, lace, and related subjects."
- A huge resource of PDFs.
Textile Resources for the Re-enactor ***
by Carolyn Priest-Dorman/Þóra Sharptooth
- An amazing resource and information site.
Weaving on the Warp-Weighted Loom: Some Source Materials
by Carolyn Priest-Dorman/Þóra Sharptooth
- This is an amazing source for research, links for construction and information on warp-weighted looms.
Recreating period fabric production
by Maggie Forest and Silvia Ravinet
- Absolutely fantastic information.
Weighing the Evidence - Determining and Contrasting the Characteristics and Functionality of Loom Weights and Spindle Whorls from the Garrison at Birka (50-page PDF)
by Ida Thorin
Master's Thesis 2012
Archaeological Research Laboratory
Department of Archaeology, Stockholm University
Ship Sails
'Viking woollen square-sails and fabric cover factor' [to PDF]
by Bill Cooke, Carol Christiansen, Lena Hammarlund
The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
Volume 31, Issue 2, September 2002, Pages 202–210
Miscellany
Early medieval textile remains from settlements in the Netherlands. An evaluation of textile production
by
Chrystel R. Brandenburgh
Journal of Archaeology in the Low Countries 2-1 (May 2010)
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