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Please also see: Metal Items & Metal Items - Casting, Moulds and Construction
"The most iconic Viking Period jewellery type is the tortoise brooch. They're big clunky things worn pairwise on your clavicles, fastening a dress with built-in suspenders over your shoulders. A number of standardised types were mass-produced during the 9th and 10th centuries, reflecting Viking Period Scandinavia's beginning urbanisation and the concomitant changes in how craft and trade was organised. The standard work on tortoise brooches is Ingmar Jansson's 1985 PhD thesis Ovala spännbucklor." Martin Rundkvist
Ingmar Jansson. Ovala spännbucklor. En studie av vikingatida standardsmycken med utgångspunkt från Björkö- fynden. (Oval brooches. A study of Viking Period standard jewellery based on the finds from Björkö (Birka), Sweden.) 1985. 238 pp., 142 figs., 4 tables. [WorldCat.org]
Spännbucklor och att smycka sig i bara mässingen: En kvalitativ analys av sammansättningen i legeringar genom pXRF *** NEW
[[Google Translate: Brooches and adornment in brass only: A qualitative analysis of the composition of alloys by pXRF]]
by Emmelie Westerlind
Masters Thesis, Institutionen för Arkeologi och Antikens Kultur, Stockholms Universitet, 2016.
33-page, PDF
Spännande djur i vendeltida Uppåkr : En komparativ kontextuell analys av ovala och djurformade skålfibulor från Uppåkra (42-page, PDF) *** NEW
by Erika Svensson
- Rough translation using Google Translate, "Animal Brooches in Vendel-era Uppåkra: A Comparative Contextual Analysis of Oval and Animal-shaped Bossed Fibulae from Uppåkra City"
- Masters Thesis,
Archaeology
-
See, "Vendel-period dress" for a review.
Jørgensen, L. & Nørgård Jørgensen, A. 1997. Nørre Sandegård Vest: a cemetery from the 6th-8th centuries on Bornholm. Det Kongelige Nordiska Oldskriftselskab. Köpenhamn.
Arrhenius, B. 1999. De likarmade spännena från Vendeltid funna på Uppåkraboplatsen. I: Hårdh, B. (red.). Fynden i centrum: keramik, glas och metall från Uppåkra. Uppåkrastudier 2. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia, Series in 8o, No 30. Almqvist & Wiksell International. Stockholm. s.135-143
Callmer, J. 1999. Vikingatidens likarmade spännen. I: Hårdh, B. (red.). Fynden i centrum: keramik, glas och metall från Uppåkra. Uppåkrastudier 2. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia, Series in 8o, No 30. Almqvist & Wiksell International. Stockholm. s. 201-220
Jansson, I. 1985. Ovala spännbucklor. En studie av vikingatida standardsmycken med utgångspunkt från Björkö-fynden. Archaeological Studies. Uppsala University. Institute of North European Archaeology. Aun 7. Uppsala.
Jørgensen, L. & Nørgård Jørgensen, A. 1997. Nørre Sandegård Vest: a cemetery from the 6th-8th centuries on Bornholm. Det Kongelige Nordiska Oldskriftselskab. Köpenhamn.
Vang Petersen, P. 2005. Odins fugle, Valkyrier og bersærker – billeder fra nordisk mytologi fundet med metaldetektor. I: Boe, K.M. (red.). Ragnarok – Odins Verden. Silkeborgs Museum. Silkeborg. s. 57-86
Vendel Period Brooches
Domed oblong brooches of Vendel Period Scandinavia: Ørsnes types N & O and similar brooches, including transitional types surviving into the Early Viking Period *****
by Martin Rundkvist
Acta archaeologica Lundensia. Series in 8. 2010, no61, pp. 127-199
Rundkvist, M. 2010. Domed oblong brooches of Vendel Period Scandinavia Ørsnes types N & O and similar brooches, including transitional types surviving into the Early Viking Period. Hårdh, B. (ed.). Från romartida skalpeller till senvikingatida urnesspännen. Nya materialstudier från Uppåkra. Uppåkrastudier 11. Dept of Archaeology, University of Lund.
"The most iconic Viking Period jewellery type is the tortoise brooch. They're big clunky things worn pairwise on your clavicles, fastening a dress with built-in suspenders over your shoulders. A number of standardised types were mass-produced during the 9th and 10th centuries, reflecting Viking Period Scandinavia's beginning urbanisation and the concomitant changes in how craft and trade was organised. The standard work on tortoise brooches is Ingmar Jansson's 1985 PhD thesis Ovala spännbucklor.
Far less well known are the 8th century ancestors of the tortoise brooches, belonging to the Late Vendel Period. Much smaller domed oblong brooches in fact show up already about AD 700 and develop a bewildering variety of styles and design that lasts a few decades into the 9th century before standardisation takes over completely. They're lovely, almost every one of them unique. There has been no concerted study of them – until now."
- A online article written about the paper by the author. The quote above is from here.
- This 74-page PDF is stunning
and very informative.
Oval Brooches
Urban Crafts and Oval Brooches Style, Innovation and Social Networks in Viking Age Towns
by Søren Sindbæk (also, also)
"This paper discusses technological and stylistic variations in copper-alloy workshops in Viking Age towns. In the decades around year 800 a cluster of new technologies, art styles and object types, including the characteristic oval brooches, were adopted across Scandinavia. Shared details of technology indicate close communication between workshops in Ribe and Birka, yet craftspeople cultivated styles which were specific to the particular town. However, the distribution of the products is not confined to specific regions. The persistence of the stylistic choices is suggested to be a marker of professional identity among craftspeople. This could indicate that the first urban craftspeople in Scandinavia were communities with a sense of civic identity, rather than itinerant cosmopolitans."
- See page 413 for a chart, "
Fig. 2. Distribution of identified mould fragments for individual types of oval brooches in the site 'Posthuset', Ribe (Redrawn after Feveile & Jensen, 2006)."
Tortoise / Turtle Brooches
Summeries - Liv Tortoise Brooches (9-page, PDF)
by Roberts Spirģis (Riga)
- page 200-201
- The language of this PhD thesis is Latvian.
-
There are many valuable detailed drawings of turtle brooches in this thesis, as well as a cross-section, charts, graphs and images.
"Daugavas lībiešu 10.-13. gs. krūšu važiņrotas ar bruņrupuču saktām" (tipoloģiska analīze)
"10th-13th Century Daugava Liv Pectoral Chain Ornaments with Tortoise Brooches" (a Typological Analysis)
by Roberts Spirģis
Summary of Doctoral Thesis
Latvijas Universitātes, Latvijas vēstures institūts
Spirgis_R_Daugavas_libiesu_10.-13._gs_krusuu_vazinrotas_2006_I_dala.pdf (200-page, PDF)
by Roberts Spirģis
- page 98 has a wonderful time chart/graph with images of the brooches
- page 119
Spirgis_R_Daugavas_libiesu_10.-13._gs_krusuu_vazinrotas_2006_II_dala.pdf (237-page, PDF)
by Roberts Spirģis
- page 387
Snake Brooches
Snake brooches of south Scandinavia: Ørsnes types L1, L2, J and H3 (25-page, PDF)
by Martin Rundkvist
Fler fynd i centrum, s. 97-12
"This is a study of south Scandinavian snake brooches, i.e. brooches of Mogens Ørsnes's (1966) types L1 (S-shaped plate brooches), L2 (snake or ribbon-bow shaped plate brooches), J (oval plate brooches) and H3 (epaulet-shaped plate brooches). A database of 270 brooches, most from metal detector sites in south Scandinavia and most studied personally by the author, is the material base of the investigation. The brooches' typology, chronology, function, social significance, technological characteristics (primary and secondary), production sites, typological innovation process, interregional variation and ideological connotations are studied and interpreted. Unique brooches and import pieces are also described and discussed."
Omega Brooches
The Mysterious "Omega" Brooches ***
by Ásfríðr Úlfvíðardóttir
SLOVO, Winter AS XLV (2011) Volume XVI, Issue 2 (#60)
- 8-page PDF
Tongue Brooches (a.k.a. Tombstone, Strap End, Zungenfibe in German)
(mentioned in:)
A social analysis of Viking jewellery from Iceland (533-page, PDF) *****
by Michèle Mariette Hayeur Smith(2003) A social analysis of Viking jewellery from Iceland.
PhD thesis, 2003
University of Glasgow.
Dressing the dead (16-page, PDF) (also)
by Michele Hayeur Smith
- on page 8
(mentioned in:)
'DEYR FÉ, DEYJA FRÆNDR' Re-animating mortuary remains from Viking Age Iceland (115-page PDF) *****
by Þóra Pétursdóttir
MA Thesis in Archaeology, 2007
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tromsø
A pair found in Iceland
Extant items were found in Haithabu, Birka, and Iceland.
Husby in Angeln – Ein königlicher Hof der späten Wikingerzeit? (19-page, PDF)
by Thorsten Lemm
Praehistorische Zeitschrift; 2014; 89(2): 371–389
DOI 10.1515/pz-2014-0023
Tongue-Shaped Fibulae: Origin and Stylistics
by V. I. Kulakov
Source: Stratum Plus Journal . 2013, Vol. 2013 Issue 5, p303-308. 6p.
$$$
(mentioned in:)
Der Metallschmuck von Haithabu: Studien zur wikingischen Metallkunst
y Torsten Capelle
- There is a Thesis and a published Book
[Worldcat]
$$$
http://sagy.vikingove.cz/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/zenske-sperky.jpg
Ring-Pins
Viking Age Ringed Pins From Denmark
by Thomas Fanning
Acta Archaeologica, Volume 71, Issue 1, pages 79–85, November 2000
Various Locations and Periods
Viking age and medieval craft in Iceland: Adaptation to extraordinary living conditions on the edge of the Old World (PDF)
by Natascha Mehler
Arts and Crafts in Medieval Rural Environment,
Ruralia VI
September 22-29, 2005
Szentendre - Dobogoko, Hungary
Viking Identities: Scandinavian Jewellery in England
by Jane F. Kershaw
- Medieval History and Archaeology; colour plate section and numerous black and white images
- 246x171mm |
978-0-19-963952-6 | Hardback | 14 February 2013
[Worldcat.org]
Culture and Gender in the Danelaw: Scandinavian and Anglo-Scandinavian Brooches, 850-1050
by Jane Kershaw
This research forms the basis of the book Viking Identities: Scandinavian Jewellery in England.
"Over the past 30 years, hundreds of new finds of Viking-Age metalwork have been brought to light, mainly as a result of metal-detecting. Particularly prominent among the new material are female personal ornaments (brooches and pendants), in both Scandinavian and Anglo-Scandinavian styles. While several brooches and pendants recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme are now in the public domain, information relating to many more remains difficult to access in county HERs or regional museum archives. Accordingly, they are presented and illustrated here as a group, for the first time.
This database brings together all known examples of such dress items recorded in England before December 2008. It is structured according to brooch or pendant type and sub-type, and also provides information relating to the artefact's findspot, dimensions, current location, state of preservation and bibliography. Since the find location of the material is potentially sensitive, only 4-figure Grid References have been provided."
This research forms the basis of the book Viking Identities: Scandinavian Jewellery in England, which contains a broader discussion of the material, as well as artefact distribution maps."
...
"This is a substantial body of data comprising just over 500 brooches and pendants worn by women in the ninth and tenth centuries. It is hugely significant as a new body of evidence for the Scandinavian settlements in England. Many objects have been recorded in ways that can be difficult to access, such as county HERs or image archives. One of the aims of the project is, therefore, to bring these finds fully into the public domain and to contribute object images rarely seen before. The database records seven main brooch and pendant groups (e.g. trefoil brooches; oval brooches), as well as over 40 sub-groups, and is structured according to artefact type. The main source of the artefacts is metal-detecting, although excavated and antiquarian finds are also represented.
The database records the artefact type, its material and pin-fittings, findspot, source, current location and state of preservation; it also gives the author's judgement of whether the item has a Scandinavian or Anglo-Scandinavian cultural background and includes object images where available. Detailed object descriptions, parallels and distribution maps are provided in the book that accompanies the database. The hope is that the database will provide a valuable research tool for both scholars interested in the Viking settlements and museum and finds professionals who deal with such material first hand."
Culture and Gender In the Danelaw: Scandinavian and Anglo-Scandinavian Brooches (31-page, PDF)
by Jane Kershaw *****
"Recent metal-detecting in areas of northern and eastern England has brought to lighthundreds of Viking-Age brooches decorated in Scandinavian styles. While some objects are likely to be products of Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian interaction, others are diagnostically Scandinavianand may have been imported from the Scandinavian homelands. The following considers thedistribution of these items within England, together with their chronology and status. It suggeststhat such pieces were worn to express Scandinavian cultural affiliation within the Danelaw. Giventhe status of these brooches as female dress accessories, it proposes that women in particular had akey role in promoting a Scandinavian colonial identity. In this context, this paper contributes toincreasing scholarly interest in the value of material form, decoration, and consumption fornegotiating identity in the Danelaw."
Silver Economies and Social Ties: Long-Distance Interaction, Long-Term Investments – and why the Viking Age happened (33-page, PDF)
by Søren Sindbæk (also, also)
- See page 47 for a chart, "Fig. 2.1. Graph showing the increasing weight of successive types of standard female brooches in Scandinavia from the early eighth to the tenth century; data from published catalogues of Statens Historiska Museet (SHM) and Tromsø Museum (TS), with a personal communication from J. Jeppesen, Moesgaard Museum (FHM, ÅM)"
The distribution of the 'Winchester' style in Late Saxon England: metalwork finds from the Danelaw
by Jane Kershaw
Papers from the Staffordshire Hoard Symposium
by various authors
"A Symposium was held at the British Museum in March 2010. Twenty seven papers were delivered and there was much useful discussion. Summaries of many of the papers, together with some of the discussion and subsequent thoughts, will be added to this page over the next few months. In some cases, the embedded images have been processed to allow for a zooming image interface."
Anglo-Saxon Brooches ****NEW
Identity and the Cruciform Brooch in Early Anglo-Saxon England: An Investigation of Style, Mortuary Context, and Use NEW
by T F Martin
-
PhD thesis, University of Sheffield. 2011
- "Rights have not been obtained for the use of this image in electronic media"
Miscellany
Byzantium and the West: Jewelry in the First Millennium (London, 2012) (208-page, PDF) *****
by Jeffrey Spier
Neu erschienen: Publikation "Goldsmith Mysteries" **********
Alexandra Pesch und Ruth Blankenfeldt (Hrsg.), Goldsmith Mysteries. Archaeological, pictorial and documentary evidence from the first millennium AD in northern Europe. Papers presented at a workshop organized by the Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology (ZBSA), Schleswig,
October 20th and 21st, 2011
Making a Simple Viking Ring Brooch (3-page, PDF)
by HL HRothgar Thorsson
Viking Brooches Using Sculpey III Clay
by Caitlin ni Dhubhghaill
- downloadable PDFs, Part 1 and Part 2
Viking Age Oval Brooches
by Adam Parsons
Making of a Viking brooch
by eric
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