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Gaeira's Anvil...BLOG
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Please also see: Brooches & Casting, Moulds and Construction
Sci-Hub.se
Both female and male Vikings wore a wide range of metallic jewelry usually made of brass, bronze, silver or for the very wealthy, gold.
Jewelry Items: Finger-Rings,
Arm-Rings (bracelets or wrist cuffs), Neck-Rings (usually torqs/torcs), Ear-Rings (few were found), Brooches (Oval, Tortoise / Turtle, Snake, Omega, etc.), chains, charms, beads, etc.
Ancient & Historic Metals: Conservation and Scientific Research (as 3 PDF) ***** NEW
Edited by David A. Scott, Jerry Podany, and Brian B. Considine; 1994
Proceedings of a Symposium on Ancient and Historic Metals
organized by the J. Paul Getty Museum and the Getty Conservation Institute, November 1991
OR @ WorldCat
Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals (185-page, PDF) ***** NEW
David A. Scott; 1991
OR @ WorldCat
List of Conservation Websites NEW
Early gold technology as an indicator of circulation processes in Atlantic Europe (16-page, PDF)NEW
by Beatriz C. Rey, Barbara Armbruster (2015)
Workshops, Smiths, Goldsmiths (Migration Period, Viking Age, Anglo-Saxon, etc.)
Anglo-Saxon Smiths and Myths ***
by
David A. Hinton
Re-Forging The Smith: An Interdisciplinary Study Of Smithing Motifs In Völuspá And Völundarkviða (295-page, PDF) *****
by Leif Einarson
PhD Thesis
University of Western Ontario, 2011
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. Paper 88.
Which came first – the smith or the shaman? Võlundarkviña, craftspeople and central place complexes. pp 221-228 in Volume 1 (558-page, PDF)
by Leif Einarson
From the goldsmith's point of view Gilding on metals during the first millennium AD *****
– techniques and their development in the Germanic area
by Iris Aufderhaar
Authentication and analysis of goldwork, 33 (2009)
" During the first millennium AD, gilding was of great importance for the decoration of ornaments in the Germanic area. With respect to archaeological finds, the different techniques used to produce them are hard to distinguish without scientific investigations. Nevertheless, it is possible to put forth some hypotheses regarding these methods on the basis of the analyses carried out so far, and the observation of typical attributes, like workmanship and choice of material. The gilding techniques used for some fibulae and brooches are analysed exemplarily, and discussed together with the advantages and disadvantages related to their specific attributes, and changes in their technique and design during the first millennium AD. In addition, the supply of raw materials and the correlations between gold imports into the Germanic area and the amount of gilded material are discussed."
In the Workshop of the Viking Age Goldsmith (17-page, PDF) **********
by Torbjorn Brnsson
Helgö as a goldsmiths’ workshop in Migration Period Sweden (19-page, PDF) *****
by
Kristina Lamm
The Organization of Crafts Production and the Social Status of the Migration Period Goldsmith *****
by Nancy J. Wicker
On the Trail of the Elusive Goldsmith: Tracing Individual Style and Workshop Characteristics in Migration Period Metalwork *****
by Nancy J. Wicker
The Elusive Smith*****
by Nancy J. Wicker
Production Areas and Workshops for the Manufacture of Bracteates*****
by Nancy J. Wicker
Avar Goldsmiths' Work from the Perspective of Cultural History (15-page, PDF)
by
Csanád Bálint
The Compleat Metalsmith: Craft and Technology in the British Bronze Age (233-page, PDF)*****
by Elpidia Giovanna Fregni
- PhD thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014 (also here)
Metalsmiths, Specialization, etc by Maikel Kuijpers
[There are several more very interesting papers of his to add here, please go to his page on Academia.edu, he has several papers uploaded of great interest and a few to request copies of.]
The sound of fire, taste of copper, feel of bronze, and colours of the cast: sensory aspects of metalworking technology
(18-page, PDF) ***[[check link]]
by
Maikel Kuijpers
Towards a deeper understanding of metalworking technology (9-page, PDF) ***[[check link]]
by
Maikel Kuijpers
The Bronze Age, a World of Specialists? Metalworking from the Perspective of Skill and Material Specialization
(22-page, PDF) ***[[check link]]
by
Maikel Kuijpers
Creative Copies; the importance of repetition for creativity ***[[check link]]
by
Maikel Kuijpers
-> Conference Presentation, file not uploaded on Academia.edu, need to search or request it.
Everything but the metal; Domain-shifts and cross-craftsmanship in Bronze Age metalworking practices ***[[check link]]
by Maikel Kuijpers
-> Conference Presentation, file not uploaded on Academia.edu, need to search or request it.
Reappraising chaîne opératoire; adding new theory to an old method ***[[check link]]
by Maikel Kuijpers
-> Conference Presentation, file not uploaded on Academia.edu, need to search or request it.
Would you like that axe rare, medium or well-done? The variation of skill in Early Bronze Age axes ***[[check link]]
by Maikel Kuijpers
-> Conference Presentation, file not uploaded on Academia.edu, need to search or request it.
Early Bronze Age metalworking craftsmanship ***[[check link]]
by Maikel Kuijpers
-> Conference Presentation, file not uploaded on Academia.edu, need to search or request it.
You are what you make; the metallurgist’s case (-page, PDF) ***[[check link]]
by Maikel Kuijpers
-> Conference Presentation, file not uploaded on Academia.edu, need to search or request it.
Related to the above section...Crafting
Links in the chain: evidence for crafting and activity areas in late prehistoric cultural soilscapes (19-page, PDF) ***
by Roderick B Salisbury
"Conclusion: To conclude, soil is more than the stuff in and around cultural material. By treating cultural soils and sediments as artefacts, we enable an entire range of new questions about people, households, craft production, and regional interactions through time. Cultural soilscapes reflect changes in the ways communities organize space, offering new interpretative possibilities. Soil chemistry, alone or in conjunction with geophysical prospection, allows us to begin investigating the empty areas in sites, where there are no traditional artefacts or visible features. Soil samples from excavated contexts can be sub-sampled for soil chemistry, and water-screened for micro-refuse analysis; this combination shows great promise for identifying the specific activities that took place in potential production loci. As borne out in recent work in Mesoamerica, we can move from empty space to cultural spaces, identifying workshops, markets, and ceremonial areas. These can be then compared to elucidate potential cross-craft interactions, material chains, economic relations and other social questions. The presence of exotic materials, such as cinnabar in areas where it does not occur locally, can give insights into exchange and possibly social status. Further, crafting loci can be compared and contrasted with the spatial distribution of subsistence or domestic practices, such as food preparation. Thus, we can avoid the compartmentalization of craft production studies, which Costin 139 points out as a recurring hindrance to holistic research."
VARIOUS
Viking raiding, gift-exchange and insular metalwork in Norway (15-page, PDF)
by John Sheehan
- Also here
Bullion rings in Viking-age Britain and Ireland (16-page, PDF) *****
by John Sheehan
"This article appeared in: Viking Settlements and Viking Society Papers from the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Viking Congress, Reykjavík and Reykholt, 16th -23rd August 2009. The Publication can be ordered online through the University of Iceland Press" [WorldCat.org] [Table of Contents]
"
'Bullion-rings' have occasionally been culturally attributed as 'Irish' (as Graham- Campbell & Briggs, 1986), though without clear justification. While it is clear that Scandinavian activity in Ireland resulted in significant quantities of silver becoming available to Irish craftsmen for the first time, particularly from c.850 onwards, and that this led to the development of novel Irish types of objects, such as penannular brooches of the bossed and ball types, it is also evident that there are differences between the specific find-contexts of these Irish types and those of Scandinavian-type hoards, including those containing 'bullion-rings' (Sheehan, 1998b, 156). There are instances of the former entering the Hiberno- Scandinavian pool of silver and occurring as hoard components, but these are remarkably few in number. Indeed, these brooches are usually only found as single-finds rather than within hoards, the characteristic context of Scandinavian and Hiberno-Scandinavian material. On this basis alone it seems rather unlikely that the 'bullion-rings' are of Irish origin. It is worth noting, furthermore, that the form of these object types are without precedent in Ireland, and that when Irish craftsmen did experiment through the medium of silver they tended to produce highly decorative and sophisticated forms that were far removed in technical accomplishment and style from these plain 'bullion-rings'. It seems more likely that these rings derive from a Hiberno-Scandinavian milieu. As has been demonstrated above, they tend to occur in hoards of Scandinavian character, sometimes in association with diagnostic Hiberno-Scandinavian object-types and, most importantly, in a number of instances they exhibit the nicking that is characteristic of Scandinavian-type hoards." (on page 403)
Metal Hoards
Viking-age gold and silver from Irish crannogs and other watery places (18-page, PDF)
by John Sheehan
- see page 79
In the wake of the hoards – glimpses of non-ferrous metalworking through the finds of the Gotland hoard projects (11-page, PDF)
by Ny Björn Gustafsson
The Viking-Age Silver and Gold Hoards of Scandinavian Character from Scotland (26-page, PDF)
by J. A. Graham-Campbell
Reasons for Hiding Viking Age Hack Silver Hoards (7-page, PDF)
by Mateusz Bogucki
Silver as Bridewealth. An Interpretation of Viking Age Silver. Hoards on Gotland, Sweden (5-page, PDF)
by Mats Burstrom
The Hoarded Dead. Late Iron Age silver hoards as graves. (5-page, PDF)
by Nanouschka Myrberg Burström
Nørremølle - The largest Viking Age silver hoard of Bornholm (Denmark).
by Gitte Ingvardson (68-page, PDF)
Journal of Archaeological Numismatics 2 (2012) p. 281-346
The Huxley Hoard. Viking Silver Unearthed (7-page, PDF)
by Lisa Westcott
Current Archaeology, Number 248, 2010 , pp. 24-30.
03. Viking Age - Digital Library Numis ****
- Links to numerous publications on hoard finds.
Arrhenius, Birgit. Finds of treasure and their interpretation with special reference to some hoards found in Birka and on Björkö. IN: Early Medieval Art and Archaeology in the Northern World: Studies in Honour of James Graham-Campbell / [ed] Andrew Reynolds & Leslie Webster, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2013, s. 843-858*
- Thesis published in the above book, not available online as a Thesis.
Migration Period and Merovingian
Barbarian Jewelry of the Merovingian Period (8-page, PDF)*
by
Edith B. Ricketson
Mineralogy of the Louvres Merovingian garnet cloisonne´ jewelry: Origins of the gems of the first kings of France (8-page, PDF) **
by Francois Farges
Central Places in the Migration and Merovingian Periods (364-page, PDF) *
Papers from the 52nd Sachsensymposium Lund, August 2001
'Byzantine' and 'oriental' imports in the Merovingian Empire from the second half of the fifth to the beginning of the eighth century (21-page, PDF)*
by
Jorg Drauschke
Metallurgy in the Merovingian settlement of Oegstgeest
An inventarisation of the evidence for early medieval ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy
by Marianne Dieuwertje Talma
Brooches on the move in Migration Period Europé (13-page, PDF) *
by Bente Magnus
Examination of garnets and their provenance (blog post) *
by Tim Ullmann
Garnet Cloisonné in the Rhinelands (blog post)*
by Elke Nieveler
The Circulaton of Garnets in the North Sea Zone ca. 400-700 (21-page, PDF) *
by Helena Hamerow
See Alexandra Hilgner for Garnet Research links *****
Early Merovingian Women’s Brooches (16-page, PDF)
by Max Martin
Other
The classification and analysis of spirals in decorative designs*
by Alice Edith Humphrey
- PhD thesis, University of Leeds. 2013
Guide to Provincial Roman and Barbarian Metalwork and Jewelry in the Metropolitan (31-page, PDF)**
by Katharine Reynolds Brown [also here]
The very beginning of Europe? (276-page, PDF)
Cultural and Social Dimensions of Early-Medieval Migration and Colonisation (5th-8th century) Archaeology in Contemporary Europe Conference Brussels - May 17-19 2011
Byzantium and the West: Jewelry in the First Millennium *****
by
Jeffrey Spier
Gold traces to trace gold
by
Maria Filomena Guerra , Thomas Calligaro
Gold cultural heritage objects: a review of studies of provenance and manufacturingtechnologies
by Maria Filomena Guerra , Thomas Calligaro
Fingerprinting ancient gold with proton beams of different energies
by
Maria Filomena Guerra
An enamelled disc from Great Saxham (13-page, PDF)
by Vera I. Evison
Anglo-Saxon Related
The Colour and Composition of Early Anglo-Saxon Copper Alloy Jewellery (501-page, PDF)
by Jocelyn Margaret Baker
BAKER, JOCELYN,MARGARET
- Thesis
An Archaeological Analysis of Anglo-Saxon Shropshire A.D. 600 – 1066: With a catalogue of artefacts (209-page, PDF)
by Esme Nadine Hookway
- Master's Thesis
- Images of brooches, leg bindging hooks, etc
Teaching Anglo-Saxon Studies through Archaeology (22-page, PDF)
by Gale R. Owe-Crocker
Mediterranean Related
Masterthesis 2015. The application of black-patinated alloys in the Eastern Mediterranean: technology and technology transfer (211-page, PDF) NEW **
by Marianne Talma
Masters Thesis
- She talks about the metals used, metallurgy, very interetsing read. pp 39-41. Niello 32-34
An Experimental Diachronic Exploration of Patination Methodology of Dark Patinated (Arsenical) Copper Alloys on Case Studies from the Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age and Early Iron Age NEW **
by Marianne Talma
- Online article, several PDFs are at the bottom of the page.
- See
James Binnion Metal Arts's blog post. BINNION, J., 2015. Why you don't want a copper and silver mokume gane ring. James Binnion Metal Arts, [blog].
Japanese Metalwork Technique by Ford Hallam NEW
- Kickstarter campaign has been funded for his book.
Ford Hallam's YouTube, Online Videos NEW **
- Instructional and documentary videos, mainly Japanese metalsmithing techniques.
The Colour Palette of Antique Bronzes: An Experimental Archaeology Project NEW **
by Jonathan Devogelaere
- EXARC Journal, 2. 2017
- Online article
EXARC Journal's Experimental Archaeology tag NEW **
- Many online articles.
Modern How-To
making your own medieval dress pins
by Katafalk – Cathrin Åhlén [Blog & FaceBook, Pinterest]
- A great and simple project that can be done in any type of metal wire that is soft/flexible enough to bend with pliers.
Metalworking: Omega Fibula
by
Ratna Drost (NL)
Metalworking: Roman Figurines
by
Ratna Drost (NL)
St Justin - how our jewellery is made (video link, Youtube)
- This is an interesting video showing the various stages of jewelry productions from creating, casting and finishing.
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