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Historical Dictionary of the Vikings (405-page, PDF)
by Katherine Holman
Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs (382-page, PDF)
by
John Lindow
The Sagas
Viking Society Web Publications
"The Viking Society for Northern Research is making virtually all its publications (and some other related items) from inception in 1893 to the present freely available on this website, though recent titles may not be released until five years from the date of publication."
- A very large resource page for articles and information.
Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda - Legendary Sagas of the Northland
Index to the Complete Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda in English Translation Arranged Alphabetically by Uniform Title
- A large resource page for articles and information.
"The saga genre consists of various forms of literary writings, including:
The Sagas of Icelanders are considered as the classic sagas. They were written in the Middle Ages, but most of the action occurred in the late Viking Age. Honour codes, intrigue and infighting are the main themes in the stories, which are considered to be Scandinavia's first real contribution to world literature. Kings' Sagas are historical narratives about the Norwegian kings ranging from the legendary ages to the year 1177. Chivalric sagas include stories about the first Icelandic bishops, who sometimes became saints. These stories take place in the Middle Ages." SOURCE
Scandinavia(ns)
Scandinavian History in the Viking Age:
A Select Bibliography (153-page, PDF) NEW
by Martin Syrett 3rd edition, revised by Haki Antonsson and Jonathan Grove
From Viking to Crusader: The Scandinavians and Europe, 800-1200 (402-page, PDF)
by Rizzoli, Else Rosedahl (Editors)
"Undoubtedly the most definitive assessment of the civilization of Scandinavia in the Viking Age and in the early medieval period ever published, this volume coincides with a major exhibition opening at the Grand Palais in Paris and traveling to Berlin and Copenhagen in fall 1992. The dramatic history of the Vikings: their invasion of parts of England and Normandy, their trade routes through Russia to Byzantium, their founding of a new republic in Iceland, and further explorations westward is legendary. Described here by scholars from fifteen countries and richly illustrated with superb examples of coins, gold and silver jewelry, manuscripts and maps, ships and weaponry, textiles and household objects, the Viking culture emerges as highly developed and complex. Their domestic resources of virtually unlimited supplies of fish and game, furs, wool, wood and iron, together with their skilled craftsmanship, refined artistic sensibilities, social and political organization, adventurousness and bravery, allowed the Vikings to make their influence felt all over Europe for almost 300 years. This book also tells the story of how the Scandinavian countries became Christian nations and entered into the full community of Christian Europe, receiving and giving to the civilization of Europe."
Know Thine Enemy: Scandinavian Identity in the Viking Age
by Shane McLeod
'í litklæðum' – Coloured Clothes in Medieval Scandinavian Literature and Archaeology
by
Thor Ewing
The Way to the East (10-page PDF)
by Ingmar Jansson
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This article is taken "From Viking to Crusader: Scandinavia and Europe 800 – 1200" (Roesdahl, E., & Wilson, D. M. eds), Nordic Council of Ministers, 1992, pp. 74 - 83 (more details)
Scandinavia Before the Viking Age (12-page, PDF)
by Lotte Hedeager
in, "People, society and sotial institution", Chapter 1
Rus Vikings
Varangian Companies for Long Distance Trade: Aspects of Interchange between Scandinavia, Rus 'and Byzantium in the 11th-12th Centuries (22-page, PDF)
by Elizabeth Piltz
The Rus in Arabic Sources: Cultural Contacts and Identity (220-page, PDF)
by Thorir Jonsson Hraundal
PhD Dissertation, 2013
Centre for Medieval Studies
University of Bergen
Eye Makeup
Viking Sources in Translation: al-Tartushi on Hedeby
"There is also an artificial eye makeup. When one uses it, the beauty of both men and women is enhanced, and it never disappears."
Online Articles
Don't underestimate Viking women: The status of Viking women may be underestimated due to the way we interpret burial findings.
by Arild S. Foss
Vikings Outside of Europe
Evidence of Viking Outpost Found in Canada:
Sharpeners may be smoking guns in quest for New World's second Viking site.'
"Viking Yarn:
As reported in the November issue of National Geographic magazine, Sutherland first caught wind of another possible Viking way station in 1999, when she spotted two unusual pieces of cord that had been excavated from a Baffin Island site by an earlier archaeologist and stored at the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Gatineau, Quebec.
Sutherland noticed that the strands bore little resemblance to the animal sinew Arctic hunters twisted into cordage. The cords turned out to be expertly woven Viking yarn, identical in technique to yarn produced by Viking women living in Greenland in the 14th century.
The discovery prompted Sutherland to scour other museum collections for more Viking artifacts from Baffin Island and other sites. She found more pieces of Viking yarn and a small trove of previously overlooked Viking gear, from wooden tally sticks for recording trade transactions to dozens of Viking whetstones.
(...)
Since 2001 Sutherland's team has been exploring Tanfield Valley and carefully excavating surviving parts of the mysterious ruins. They have discovered a wide range of evidence pointing to the presence of Viking seafarers: pelt fragments from Old World rats; a whalebone shovel similar to those used by Viking settlers in Greenland to cut sod; large stones that appear to have been cut and shaped by someone familiar with European stone masonry; and more Viking yarn and whetstones. And the stone ruins bear a striking resemblance to some Viking buildings in Greenland."
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